IBV陕西分离株人工感染雏鸡的临床病理学研究

用ＩＢＶ陕西分离株Ｘ，Ｆｕ，Ｗ和Ｈ株人工感染４０日龄和１９日龄的雏鸡复制人工病例，对其临床症状、大体病变和病理组织学变化进行了较详细的研究。结果表明，ＩＢＶ陕西分离株具有较强的致病力，不仅能引起雏鸡发生呼吸道症状，而且可致严重的肾脏损伤，对１９日龄鸡引起的临床症状和病理损害均比４０日龄鸡更为严重。感染４０日龄和１９日龄鸡后，潜伏期、致死雏鸡的时间与病程分别为３８～７２ｈ和３２～４０ｈ，９６ｈ和４８ｈ及２５ｄ和７ｄ．     

Emerging viral zoonoses: frameworks for spatial and spatiotemporal risk assessment and resource planning

Spatial epidemiological tools are increasingly being applied to emerging viral zoonoses (EVZ), partly because of improving analytical methods and technologies for data capture and management, and partly because the demand is growing for more objective ways of allocating limited resources in the face of the emerging threat posed by these diseases. This review documents applications of geographical information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and spatially-explicit statistical and mathematical models to epidemiological studies of EVZ.Landscape epidemiology uses statistical associations between environmental variables and diseases to study and predict their spatial distributions. Phylogeography augments epidemiological knowledge by studying the evolution of viral genetics through space and time. Cluster detection and early warning systems assist surveillance and can permit timely interventions. Advanced statistical models can accommodate spatial dependence present in epidemiological datasets and can permit assessment of uncertainties in disease data and predictions. Mathematical models are particularly useful for testing and comparing alternative control strategies, whereas spatial decision-support systems integrate a variety of spatial epidemiological tools to facilitate widespread dissemination and interpretation of disease data. Improved spatial data collection systems and greater practical application of spatial epidemiological tools should be applied in real-world scenarios.     

6种日本核型多角体病毒对斜纹夜蛾幼虫致病性的研究

从日本引进6种核型多角体病毒(NPV),保存5年后仍对斜纹夜蛾幼虫持有致病性。其中斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(福山株)、甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒(芸北株)、粘虫核型多角体病毒(芸北株)、八字地老虎核型多角体病毒(那须株)均保持较强的致病力,其剩余侵染力在1/1.34~1/2.50间。甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒(东京株)的致病力下降最大,剩余侵染力为1/17.5、其次为海灰翅夜蛾核型多角体病毒(埃及株),剩余侵染力为1/7.01。     

High HEV presence in four different wild boar populations in East and West Germany

Swine Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can be transmitted from pigs to humans causing hepatitis. A high prevalence of HEV in wild boar populations is reported for several European countries, but actual data for Germany are missing. During the hunting season from October to December 2007 liver, bile and blood samples were collected from wild boars in four different German regions. The samples were tested for HEV RNA by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and anti-HEV IgG antibodies by two different ELISAs and a Line immunoassay. A seroprevalence of 29.9% using ELISA and 26.2% in the Line immunoassay was determined. The seroprevalence rate varied greatly within the analyzed regions. However, qPCR analysis revealed a higher prevalence of 68.2% positive animals with regional differences. Surprisingly, also adult wild sows and wild boars were highly HEV positive by qPCR. Compared to liver and serum samples, bile samples showed a higher rate of positive qPCR results. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a 969 nt fragment within ORF 2 revealed that all isolates clustered within genotype 3 but differed in the subtype depending on the hunting spot. Isolates clustered within genotypes 3i, 3h, 3f and 3e. Within one population HEV isolates were closely related, but social groups of animals in close proximity might be infected with different subtypes. Two full-length genomes of subtypes 3i and 3e from two different geographic regions were generated. The wild boar is discussed as one of the main sources of human autochthonous infections in Germany.     

鸡抗鸭病毒性肝炎高免卵黄抗体的研制及应用

应用雏鸭病毒性肝炎病毒（DHV）弱毒疫苗和DHV油乳剂灭活苗多次免疫产蛋鸡，制备鸡抗鸭病毒性肝炎高免卵黄抗体，自制鸭病毒性肝炎病毒高免卵黄抗体的疗效取决于卵黄抗体的中和效价及治疗的时间。实验室试验及临床应用结果表明，卵黄抗体的中和效价应达2^8以上，并且在感染DHV 24h以内对雏鸭进行肌肉注射，治疗效果最为理想。     

原核表达PRRSV结构蛋白构建活载体疫苗的研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）的持续性感染和潜在的免疫抑制现象已成为困扰当前世界养猪业健康发展的主要问题之一。目前国内外学者成功地克隆了PRRSV三种主要结构蛋白——GP5、ORF6、ORF7的基因序列,并采用原核表达载体成功地进行了表达,构建了活载体基因工程苗,经体外试验检测该重组蛋白具有良好的生物活性。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒间接ELISA抗体检测方法建立与应用

猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)是目前引起我国猪急性肠炎并水样腹泻的重要病原之一,但尚无商品化病毒血清抗体检测试剂盒。本研究以纯化的PEDV为包被抗原,通过优化ELISA反应条件,建立了间接ELISA抗体检测方法,其反应条件为:抗原最佳包被浓度为3μg/mL,血清样品最佳稀释度为1∶100,包被时间为37℃作用2 h,1.5%BSA 37℃封闭3 h,二抗1∶10 000稀释,37℃作用30 min,抗体临界值为OD450nm≥0.306判为阳性,OD450nm≤0.268判为阴性,介于二者之间为可疑。该方法检测6份已知PEDV阳性血清效价为1∶3 200,检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪瘟病毒、伪狂犬病毒和口蹄疫病毒血清抗体均为阴性,批间和批内重复试验变异系数2.5%～8.3%,对江苏、上海、浙江、安徽地区587份猪血清样品进行检测,抗体阳性率达56.76%,证明该方法具有较好敏感性、特异性和重复性,可用于PEDV抗体检测和流行病学调查。     

兔病毒性出血症病毒高免血清的制备与应用效果

以兔病毒性出血症病毒组织灭活疫苗免疫家兔，经五次免疫之后，抗体效价可达12log2以上，采集兔血清，以此治疗攻毒兔，结果大部分兔都存活，临床应用效果表明：以此血清治疗自然感染兔病毒性出血症病毒的发病兔，治愈率达80％以上。     

噬菌体肽库技术筛选抗PRRSV肽及其应用

噬菌体展示肽库是一种被广泛用于抗原表位鉴定,结合蛋白筛选的技术。该试验利用噬菌体展示技术筛选与猪呼吸与繁殖障碍综合征病毒（PRRSV）ORF1B复制酶蛋白相互作用的蛋白,并进一步验证筛选蛋白的抗病毒作用。以表达纯化的PRRSV ORF1B蛋白CTD包被高亲和性96孔板作为靶蛋白,应用T7噬菌体展示技术对随机12肽库cDNA文库进行筛选,并分析测序筛选的克隆。将筛选出的克隆序列合成后,在体外验证合成多肽的抗PRRSV效果。结果表明,在4轮的噬菌体筛选后,共得到87个阳性克隆,经测序鉴定出11个筛选的12肽,并通过体外抗病毒试验得到P10是一个具有高抗病毒活性的12肽。试验结果为PRRSV的抗病毒研究奠定了基础。     

非洲猪瘟病毒检测试剂盒的研制

针对非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）P54基因建立荧光PCR检测方法,通过优化引物、TaqMan探针浓度及反应温度,研发了ASFV检测的荧光PCR检测试剂盒。经灵敏度的重复性试验及3种不同型号荧光PCR仪使用验证,所研发的试剂盒灵敏度为101copy/μL,适用于不同型号荧光PCR仪使用,可用于对非洲猪瘟病毒的快速检测。